Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Applied Thermal Engineering, cilt.296, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
This study aims to prevent common deformation in pine timber drying and to reduce the long drying duration in a system integrating a heat pump with halogen lamps. Four experiments (Exp-1–Exp-4) were conducted under controlled temperature–humidity conditions, varying timber surface temperature, relative humidity, and fan operation to evaluate drying time and energy consumption. Pine timbers were dried by adjusting inlet air relative humidity (60–75%), surface temperature (33–40 °C), and fan voltage (7 V with lamps on, 12 V with lamps off). Drying times were 72, 70, 62, and 60 h, respectively. Exp-2 exhibited the highest specific energy consumption (SEC), averaging 507.2 Wh/kg due to extended lamp operation, while Exp-4 achieved the lowest average (229.3 Wh/kg) through fan modulation. The system delivered an average coefficient of performance (COP) of 5.82, confirming high energy efficiency and sustainable potential. Maximum diffusion coefficients (De) were 5.24 × 10−10, 6.81 × 10−10, 7.52 × 10−10, and 6.28 × 10−10 m2/s, while maximum mass transfer coefficients (hm) were 2.50 × 10−8, 3.26 × 10−8, 3.60 × 10−8, and 3.01 × 10−8 m/s. Performance was governed by drying air temperature, timber surface temperature, relative humidity, and moisture content, with Exp-4 consistently outperforming other scenarios across both early and late stages. A payback period under five years highlights medium-term viability. Lamp duty cycle was identified as the primary driver of energy use, while fan modulation contributed to savings but could not fully offset lamp consumption. Overall, the results demonstrate the applicability and sustainability of the integrated heat pump–halogen drying system for timber processing.