Energy-selective surface superstrate for gain enhancement and HPM protection of patch antennas
AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, cilt.217, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 217
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156574
- Dergi Adı: AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Aerospace Database, Applied Science & Technology Source, Compendex, INSPEC, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Energy selective surface, ESS, Gain enhancement, HPM protection, Superstrate
- Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Due to their ability to exhibit adaptive behavior depending on the power level of electromagnetic waves, energy-selective surface (ESS) layers have become one of the most important structures in the last decade for protecting sensitive electronic systems. Since ESS provides transmission to low-power electromagnetic waves while acting as a protective barrier against high-power electromagnetic threats, they are important elements, particularly in defense and communication applications. In this study, a double-layered ESS was designed and fabricated both to increase antenna gain at low power levels and to provide protection potential against high-power microwave (HPM) or electromagnetic pulse (EMP) effects for a patch antenna. The antenna design was implemented on an FR-4 dielectric substrate with a rectangular patch and line-fed configuration to operate in the 2.45 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band. The ESS layer was positioned as superstrates at a certain distance on the antenna to form a periodic array structure. The design and analysis results show that the ESS superstrate layer can increase antenna gain around 2.27 dBi (∼68.66%) in the transmission band, while effectively protecting (22 dB of shielding effectiveness) the antenna under HPM conditions. Thus, the proposed ESS structure can simultaneously behave as both a superstrate layer that improves electromagnetic performance and a protective shielding layer against HPM threats.