Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Syringic Acid: In Vivo Evidence and In Silico Mechanistic Insights
ACS Omega, cilt.11, sa.37, ss.54974-54990, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 11 Sayı: 37
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1021/acsomega.6c00914
- Dergi Adı: ACS Omega
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Directory of Open Access Journals
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.54974-54990
- Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Based on the previously reported neuroprotective, neurochemical, and behavioral effects of syringic acid, the present study was designed to investigate its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential and to elucidate its possible mechanisms of action using in vitro and in silico methods. The antinociceptive effects of syringic acid were evaluated using the tail-clip, tail-immersion, hot-plate, formalin, and acetic acid-induced writhing tests in Balb/c mice, whereas its anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in Sprague-Dawley rats. Motor performance was examined using the activity meter and Rota-rod tests. The potential ulcerogenic effect was also evaluated. Syringic acid (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) did not significantly alter motor performance. It also did not alter nociceptive response parameters in the tail-clip, tail-immersion, or hot-plate tests. However, it significantly decreased writhing behavior in the writhing test and reduced paw-licking time during the second phase of the formalin test. Moreover, syringic acid attenuated carrageenan-induced paw edema. These findings indicate that syringic acid exerts peripheral antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, acute administration of syringic acid did not induce gastric ulceration in mice. Enzyme inhibition studies showed that syringic acid inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase at μM concentrations. In silico studies further revealed stable interactions between syringic acid and both enzymes.