Comparative Advantages in the Export of Environmental Goods: Leading Countries and Türkiye
SUSTAINABILITY, cilt.18, sa.5, ss.1-18, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, SSCI, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 18 Sayı: 5
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.3390/su18052270
- Dergi Adı: SUSTAINABILITY
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Scopus, Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Geobase, INSPEC
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-18
- Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study evaluates Türkiye’s comparative advantages in environmental product groups
relative to the world’s leading exporters. The analysis focuses on the twelve highest-ranking
exporters of environmental goods between 2012 and 2023: China, Germany, United States of
America (USA), Japan, Korea, Italy, United Kingdom (UK), Singapore, France, Switzerland,
Mexico, and the Netherlands. Utilizing export data from the World Bank, comparative
advantages were assessed using the Relative Trade Advantage (RTA) index. The results
indicate that Germany leads in specialization, maintaining a competitive edge in 48 out
of 53 product groups, followed by Japan (46), the USA (44), and the UK (44). In contrast,
Türkiye and Mexico exhibit the lowest levels of specialization, with competitive advantages
in only 10 and 8 groups, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis reveals intense global
competition in four specific product categories (HS 842121, 847420, 850239, and 851430),
where at least ten of the sampled countries are specialized. These findings highlight
Türkiye’s limited specialization and underscore the urgent strategic need to enhance
competitiveness in the global environmental goods market.