This study aims to examine the economic and social structure of the neighborhood of Tilkili (Petralona) in 1844, located within the administrative jurisdiction of the Gelmeriye Nahiyah (subdistrict) of the Central District of Thessaloniki, Sanjak of Thessaloniki, and Eyalet of Thessaloniki of the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century. Today, this village is situated within the boundaries of the Nea Propontida Municipality in the Central Macedonia Region of Greece, approximately 35 km away from Thessaloniki, as a mountainous village. The data from the Temettuat Register no 11748 has been utilized to identify and share the findings regarding the aforementioned village. According to the data obtained from the Temettuat Register, it was determined that in the village of Tilkili (Petralona) in 1844, there were 91 households with a population ranging between 273 and 455 individuals. The individuals residing in these households were recorded as Muslims and engaged in agriculture. The main sources of income for these households were livestock farming, trade related to livestock, and viticulture. Conversely, the taxes they were obligated to pay consisted of various items such as vergi-i mahsusa, öşr, and aded-i ağnam. The total tax burden of the households accounted for approximately 10% of their income, with the vergi-i mahsusa representing 10.44% of the income per household. Livestock farming revenues predominantly originated from small ruminant husbandry.