Research Information System
6. INTERNATIONAL CAPPADOCIA SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONGRESS, Nevşehir, Turkey, 10 - 12 August 2024, pp.909-916, (Full Text)
Today, factors such as the rapid increase in the world population, global warming, and climate change increase the importance of sustainable agriculture and food security. In addition, classical breeding techniques such as hybridization and mutation used in the agricultural field are insufficient due to these changing factors. For these reasons, it is important to use modern biotechnological methods in addition to agricultural and food applications. CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats), which is one of the important biotechnological methods at this point, eliminates some deficiencies in terms of sustainable agriculture and food safety. ZFN (Zinc Finger Nucleas) and TALEN (Transcription Activator- Like Effector Nuclease), which are CRISPR alternatives, are easy to use, yield results in a short time and are low-cost applications. In the field of agriculture, it is used against drought stress, one of the abiotic stress factors, and against pests, one of the biotic stress factors, in the cultivation of plants with high yield and nutritional value. In the field of food, it has a wide range of applications, such as controlling harmful microorganisms and managing beneficial microorganisms, ensuring food safety and extending shelf life. CRISPR is the modification or editing of some parts of the genome as an application. Designed to make targeted changes in specialized DNA sections in cell genomes, genome editing is a technique used for efficient and error-free editing of DNA. For example, in a study on tomatoes, the SlAGO7 (Argonaute7) gene responsible for the needle-leaf appearance was deleted with CRISPR technology and a needle leaf appearance was obtained. It has been successfully applied to many crops including Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Nicotiana benthamiana, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, Marchantia polymorpha, Sorghum bicolor, Solanum lycopersicum, Citrus sinensis, Cucumis sativus, Brassica oleracea, Gossypium hirsutum, Glycine max, Lotus japonicus, Hordeum vulgare, Papaver somniferum and Lactuca sativa. It has also been used to destroy E.coli strains, which are important indicator bacteria for food safety. In addition, studies have shown that it has an eradicating effect on Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, bacteria that pose a risk in the food field. Study results also showed that CRPISPR applications are hereditary. In addition to its advantages, the CRISPR method is still controversial because of its risks and legal regulations. The aim of this study is to highlight future studies by comparing the advantages and risks of CRISPR applications in sustainable agriculture and food security.