Ion insertion-assisted formation of poly(Thioflavin T) thin films on flexible rGO paper for amperometric nitrite sensing


Keklik M., ALANYALIOĞLU M.

Microchemical Journal, cilt.226, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 226
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.118313
  • Dergi Adı: Microchemical Journal
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Index Islamicus
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Electropolymerization, Flexible graphene paper, Ion insertion, Nitrite sensor, Thioflavin T
  • Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Electrochemical electropolymerization of Thioflavin T (ThT) has not been previously clarified, despite the molecule's strong chromophoric and redox-active character. Herein, we demonstrate the formation of polymeric ThT thin films (pThT) via successive cyclic voltammetry on reduced graphene oxide paper (RGOP) and indium tin oxide coated glass (ITO), and leverage an ion insertion-assisted strategy to realize a high-performance flexible nitrite sensor. pThT growth on RGOP was initially tracked by the emergence of a film-associated redox feature near +0.2 V, while ThT oxidation peaks appeared above +0.9 V. By suppressing electrolyte ion insertion at pH 0.0 (1.0 M H2SO4), pThT formation was unambiguously confirmed and optimized, and its occurrence was independently validated on ITO. In phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), controlled cycling enabled synergistic pThT formation and electrolyte-ion insertion, producing a highly activated paper interface. The resulting pThT/RGOP-7 electrode exhibited markedly enhanced nitrite oxidation relative to insertion -only and bare RGOP controls. Under optimized amperometric conditions, pThT/RGOP-7 delivered a linear dynamic range of 3.1–1268.1 μM, a detection limit of 0.93 μM, high sensitivity of 1271.2 μA mM−1 cm−2, and rapid response (≈1–2 s). Practical applicability was verified in real samples (tap water, mineral water, sausage, fermented sausage, and salami) with recoveries of 89.8–107.9%. This work establishes the electropolymerization of ThT and introduces an ion insertion-assisted polymeric film strategy for flexible electrochemical sensing.