Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Journal of Water Process Engineering, cilt.75, 2025 (SCI-Expanded)
In the present study, bone chars (BCs) were produced for the first time from bovine bones through a microwave-assisted chemical activation (MWACA) process. Lead adsorption experiments of BCs designed by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were conducted by simultaneously varying key parameters controlling the adsorption process. For comparison, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling approach was also applied to predict the adsorption capacities of BCs. The RSM and ANN models demonstrated their potential for predicting adsorption capacities. The optimization results based on the D-optimal algorithm were validated under the corresponding preparation conditions. The confirmatory experiments showed that the maximum Pb (II) adsorption capacity of 88.09 mg/g was achieved under optimized conditions of microwave power of 490 W, irradiation time of 7.8 min, pyrolysis temperature of 482 °C, and pH of 5.6. The Pb (II) adsorption onto BC was most accurately represented by the pseudo-first-order kinetics (R2= 0.9974–0.9986) and Sips isotherm (R2 = 0.9803–0.9974) models, which had maximum adsorption capacities of 140.75, 148.22, and 154.89 mg/g at 25, 35, and 45 °C under the optimized conditions. This study emphasizes that the cost-effective and efficient BC prepared by MWACA exhibits effective performance for Pb (II) in wastewater.