The Impact of Treaty of Kütahya on the Administration of Suakin Island
Book , cilt.0, sa.o, ss.309-322, 2026 (Düzenli olarak gerçekleştirilen hakemli kongrenin bildiri kitabı)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 0 Sayı: o
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.58830/ozgur.pub1040
- Dergi Adı: Book
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.309-322
- Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
- Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Suakin Island, located on the western coast of the Red Sea, was under Ottoman rule from the 16th century and served as the administrative center of the Eyalet of Habesh. It played a crucial role in asserting Ottoman authority over the Red Sea and surrounding regions, including Sudan and East Africa. In the early 19th century, Mohamed Ali Pasha of Egypt pursued expansionist aims, including the re-annexation of territories in Sudan historically under Ottoman sovereignty since Sultan Selim I’s conquest of Egypt in 1517. His 1821 campaign resulted in the annexation of Funj, Nubia, Sennar, Kordofan, and Fazughli—marked by heavy violence. Later, Mohamed Ali rebelled against the Ottoman Empire, leading military campaigns into Anatolia. In response, Sultan Mahmud II issued a Firman in 1833, granting him hereditary control over Egypt and the recently annexed Sudanese provinces. The Treaty of Kütahya also impacted Suakin, which had remained under direct Ottoman control. Mohamed Ali requested its transfer in exchange for annual compensation. The Ottoman state approved, limiting his control to his lifetime. This study examines how the Treaty of Kütahya transformed Suakin’s administration and opened the region to increased foreign involvement, using archival sources and historical analysis to explore this pivotal moment.